Alexa.RangeController Interface
Implement the Alexa.RangeController interface in your Alexa skill so that users can control the settings of devices that are represented by numbers within a minimum and maximum range. You can use the RangeController interface to model properties of an endpoint that can be set to one of a range of values, such as the speed settings on a blender or a fan. You can also use the RangeController interface to model properties of an endpoint that users can't change. For more information about Smart Home skills, see Understand the Smart Home Skill API.
The RangeController interface is highly configurable and enables you to model many different kinds of settings for many different kinds of devices. Use one of the following more specific interfaces if it's appropriate for your device:
- Alexa.PowerLevelController
- Alexa.PercentageController
- Alexa.BrightnessController
- Alexa.EqualizerController
- Alexa.StepSpeaker
- Alexa.Speaker
For the list of languages that the RangeController interface supports, see List of Alexa Interfaces and Supported Languages.
- Utterances
- Properties and Objects
- Using semantics to enable additional utterances
- Discovery
- Discover response examples
- Directives
- State reporting
- Change reporting
- Related topics
Utterances
When you use the Alexa.RangeController interface, the voice interaction model is already built for you. The following examples show some user utterances:
Alexa, set the bedroom fan speed to 7.
Alexa, set the fan speed on the bedroom fan to maximum.
Alexa, turn up the bedroom fan speed.
Alexa, decrease the fan speed on the bedroom fan by 3.
Alexa, what is the bedroom fan speed?
You can optionally enable additional utterances by using semantics. The following examples show some additional user utterances:
Alexa, raise the living room blinds.
Alexa, lower the living room blinds.
Alexa, open the bedroom blinds.
Alexa, close the bedroom blinds.
Alexa, fahre die Rollläden im Wohnzimmer hoch.
Alexa, fahre die Rollläden im Wohnzimmer runter.
Alexa, öffne das Rollo in der Küche.
Alexa, schließe das Rollo in der Küche.
After the user says one of these utterances, Alexa sends a corresponding directive to your skill.
Properties and Objects
The rangeValue property
The Alexa.RangeController interface uses the rangeValue property as the primary property. The property values are numbers, and you specify the minimum value, maximum value, and precision in your discover response. If the rangeValue property is used to represent a change, then valid values include negative numbers.
An endpoint can support multiple range controllers, so you must always include the instance attribute for a rangeValue property. You identify your instance names in your discovery response.
RangeValue property example
{
"namespace": "Alexa.RangeController",
"instance": "Fan.Speed",
"name": "rangeValue",
"value": 10
}
Using semantics to enable additional utterances
When you use the Alexa.RangeController interface, the voice interaction model is already built for you. Users can interact with your device by saying the standard RangeController utterances. For more information, see utterances.
You can optionally enable additional utterances by using semantics. When you use semantics, you manually map the phrases "open", "close", "raise", and "lower" to the RangeController directives SetRangeValue and AdjustRangeValue. For example, if you have a controller for a window shade, you can map the phrase "raise" to the AdjustRangeValue directive.
You can support semantics on different controllers for the same device, however each controller must support different phrases. For example, you can support "raise" on a RangeController, and "open" on a ModeController, but you can't support "open" on both RangeController and ModeController.
To use semantics, include a semantics object in your discover response as described in the following section.
Discovery
You describe endpoints that support Alexa.RangeController using the standard discovery mechanism described in Alexa.Discovery.
Set retrievable to true for the properties that you report when Alexa sends your skill a state report request. Set proactivelyReported to true for the properties that you proactively report to Alexa in a change report.
You can model properties of an endpoint that users can't change by setting nonControllable to true. Set nonControllable to true for range controller properties that you want to report to the user, but don't want the user to change.
For each RangeController entry in the capabilities array, you can optionally include a semantics object. For more information, see using semantics to enable additional utterances.
For the full list of display categories, see display categories.
In addition to the usual discovery response fields, for each RangeController entry in the capabilities array, include the following fields.
| Field | Description | Type |
|---|---|---|
instance |
The name of the range, for example Fan.Speed. |
String |
capabilityResources |
Friendly names that users can use to interact with the mode. | A CapabilityResources object. |
configuration.supportedRange.minimumValue |
The minimum value for the range. | Number |
configuration.supportedRange.maximumValue |
The maximum value for the range. | Number |
configuration.supportedRange.precision |
The amount by which the values change when moving through the range. This also serves as the default when a user asks to change the value but doesn't specify by how much. | Number |
unitOfMeasure |
The unit of measure for the range. | A unit of measure string. |
presets |
Named options that users can specify instead of numbers, such as "medium" or "maximum". | An array of objects. |
preset.rangeValue |
The value for the preset. | Number |
preset.presetResources |
Friendly names that users can use to request the preset value. | A CapabilityResources object. |
Discover response examples
Example
The following example shows a Discover.Response message for a fan that supports the Alexa.RangeController and Alexa.PowerController interfaces.
{
"event": {
"header": {
"namespace": "Alexa.Discovery",
"name": "Discover.Response",
"payloadVersion": "3",
"messageId": "<message id>"
},
"payload": {
"endpoints": [
{
"endpointId": "<unique ID of the endpoint>",
"manufacturerName": "<the manufacturer name of the endpoint>",
"description": "<a description that is shown in the Alexa app>",
"friendlyName": "<device name, displayed in the Alexa app>",
"displayCategories": ["FAN"],
"cookie": {},
"capabilities": [
{
"type": "AlexaInterface",
"interface": "Alexa.PowerController",
"version": "3",
"properties": {
"supported": [
{
"name": "powerState"
}
],
"proactivelyReported": true,
"retrievable": true
}
},
{
"type": "AlexaInterface",
"interface": "Alexa.RangeController",
"instance": "Fan.Speed",
"version": "3",
"properties": {
"supported": [
{
"name": "rangeValue"
}
],
"proactivelyReported": true,
"retrievable": true,
"nonControllable": false
},
"capabilityResources": {
"friendlyNames": [
{
"@type": "asset",
"value": {
"assetId": "Alexa.Setting.FanSpeed"
}
}
]
},
"configuration": {
"supportedRange": {
"minimumValue": 1,
"maximumValue": 10,
"precision": 1
},
"presets": [
{
"rangeValue": 10,
"presetResources": {
"friendlyNames": [
{
"@type": "asset",
"value": {
"assetId": "Alexa.Value.Maximum"
}
},
{
"@type": "asset",
"value": {
"assetId": "Alexa.Value.High"
}
},
{
"@type": "text",
"value": {
"text": "highest",
"locale": "en-US"
}
}
]
}
}
]
}
},
{
"type": "AlexaInterface",
"interface": "Alexa",
"version": "3"
}
]
}
]
}
}
}
Example with semantics for blinds
The following example shows a Discover.Response message for blinds that support the Alexa.RangeController interface and uses semantics. Use the RangeController interface for blinds that can raise and lower to a range of positions. If your blinds only fully open and fully close, use the ModeController interface instead.
You can use the RangeController interface for your skills that control blinds in the following locales: de-DE, en-AU, en-GB, en-IN, en-US, es-ES, es-MX, es-US, it-IT, ja-JP.
{
"event": {
"header": {
"namespace": "Alexa.Discovery",
"name": "Discover.Response",
"payloadVersion": "3",
"messageId": "<message id>"
},
"payload": {
"endpoints": [
{
"endpointId": "<unique ID of the endpoint>",
"manufacturerName": "<the manufacturer name of the endpoint>",
"description": "<a description that is shown in the Alexa app>",
"friendlyName": "<device name, displayed in the Alexa app>",
"displayCategories": ["INTERIOR_BLIND"],
"cookie": {},
"capabilities": [
{
"type": "AlexaInterface",
"interface": "Alexa.RangeController",
"instance": "Blind.Lift",
"version": "3",
"properties": {
"supported": [
{
"name": "rangeValue"
}
],
"proactivelyReported": true,
"retrievable": true
},
"capabilityResources": {
"friendlyNames": [
{
"@type": "asset",
"value": {
"assetId": "Alexa.Setting.Opening"
}
}
]
},
"configuration": {
"supportedRange": {
"minimumValue": 0,
"maximumValue": 100,
"precision": 1
},
"unitOfMeasure": "Alexa.Unit.Percent"
},
"semantics": {
"actionMappings": [
{
"@type": "ActionsToDirective",
"actions": ["Alexa.Actions.Close"],
"directive": {
"name": "SetRangeValue",
"payload": {
"rangeValue": 0
}
}
},
{
"@type": "ActionsToDirective",
"actions": ["Alexa.Actions.Open"],
"directive": {
"name": "SetRangeValue",
"payload": {
"rangeValue": 100
}
}
},
{
"@type": "ActionsToDirective",
"actions": ["Alexa.Actions.Lower"],
"directive": {
"name": "AdjustRangeValue",
"payload": {
"rangeValueDelta" : -10,
"rangeValueDeltaDefault" : false
}
}
},
{
"@type": "ActionsToDirective",
"actions": ["Alexa.Actions.Raise"],
"directive": {
"name": "AdjustRangeValue",
"payload": {
"rangeValueDelta" : 10,
"rangeValueDeltaDefault" : false
}
}
}
],
"stateMappings": [
{
"@type": "StatesToValue",
"states": ["Alexa.States.Closed"],
"value": 0
},
{
"@type": "StatesToRange",
"states": ["Alexa.States.Open"],
"range": {
"minimumValue": 1,
"maximumValue": 100
}
}
]
}
},
{
"type": "AlexaInterface",
"interface": "Alexa",
"version": "3"
}
]
}
]
}
}
}
Example with both range and toggle controllers
The following example shows a Discover.Response message for a fan that supports the PowerController interface and both the RangeController and ToggleController interfaces.
{
"event": {
"header": {
"namespace": "Alexa.Discovery",
"name": "Discover.Response",
"payloadVersion": "3",
"messageId": "<message id>"
},
"payload": {
"endpoints": [
{
"endpointId": "<unique ID of the endpoint>",
"friendlyName": "Tower Fan",
"description": "Tower Fan by Sample Manufacturer",
"manufacturerName": "Sample Manufacturer",
"displayCategories": ["FAN"],
"cookie": {},
"capabilities": [
{
"type": "AlexaInterface",
"interface": "Alexa.PowerController",
"version": "3",
"properties": {
"supported": [
{
"name": "powerState"
}
],
"proactivelyReported": true,
"retrievable": true
}
},
{
"type": "AlexaInterface",
"interface": "Alexa.ToggleController",
"version": "3",
"instance": "SampleManufacturer.Fan.Oscillate",
"capabilityResources": {
"friendlyNames": [
{
"@type": "text",
"value": {
"text": "Oscillate",
"locale": "en-US"
}
},
{
"@type": "text",
"value": {
"text": "Oscillation",
"locale": "en-US"
}
}
]
},
"properties": {
"proactivelyReported": true,
"retrievable": true,
"supported": [
{
"name": "toggleState"
}
]
}
},
{
"type": "AlexaInterface",
"interface": "Alexa.RangeController",
"version": "3",
"instance": "SampleManufacturer.Fan.Speed",
"capabilityResources": {
"friendlyNames": [
{
"@type": "text",
"value": {
"text": "Fan Speed",
"locale": "en-US"
}
},
{
"@type": "text",
"value": {
"text": "Air Speed",
"locale": "en-US"
}
},
{
"@type": "text",
"value": {
"text": "Speed",
"locale": "en-US"
}
}
]
},
"properties": {
"supported": [
{
"name": "rangeValue"
}
],
"proactivelyReported": true,
"retrievable": true
},
"configuration": {
"supportedRange": {
"minimumValue": 1,
"maximumValue": 10,
"precision": 1
},
"presets": [
{
"rangeValue": 1,
"presetResources": {
"friendlyNames": [
{
"@type": "asset",
"value": {
"assetId": "Alexa.Value.Low"
}
},
{
"@type": "asset",
"value": {
"assetId": "Alexa.Value.Minimum"
}
}
]
}
},
{
"rangeValue": 10,
"presetResources": {
"friendlyNames": [
{
"@type": "asset",
"value": {
"assetId": "Alexa.Value.High"
}
},
{
"@type": "asset",
"value": {
"assetId": "Alexa.Value.Maximum"
}
}
]
}
}
]
}
},
{
"type": "AlexaInterface",
"interface": "Alexa",
"version": "3"
}
]
}
]
}
}
}
Directives
SetRangeValue directive
Support the SetRangeValue directive so that users can set the level of features on devices.
The following examples show user utterances:
Alexa, set the bedroom fan speed to 7.
Alexa, set the fan speed on the bedroom fan to maximum.
SetRangeValue directive payload details
| Field | Description | Type |
|---|---|---|
rangeValue |
The value to set the feature of the device to. | Number |
SetRangeValue directive example
The following example illustrates a SetRangeValue directive that Alexa sends to your skill.
{
"directive": {
"header": {
"namespace": "Alexa.RangeController",
"instance": "Fan.Speed",
"name": "SetRangeValue",
"messageId": "<message id>",
"correlationToken": "<an opaque correlation token>",
"payloadVersion": "3"
},
"endpoint": {
"scope": {
"type": "BearerToken",
"token": "<an OAuth2 bearer token>"
},
"endpointId": "<endpoint id>",
"cookie": {}
},
"payload": {
"rangeValue": 7
}
}
}
SetRangeValue response event
If you handle a SetRangeValue directive successfully, respond with an Alexa.Response event. In the context object, include the values of all properties that changed. You can respond synchronously or asynchronously. If you respond asynchronously, include a correlation token and a scope with an authorization token.
SetRangeValue response event example
{
"event": {
"header": {
"namespace": "Alexa",
"name": "Response",
"messageId": "<message id>",
"correlationToken": "<an opaque correlation token>",
"payloadVersion": "3"
},
"endpoint": {
"scope": {
"type": "BearerToken",
"token": "<an OAuth2 bearer token>"
},
"endpointId": "<endpoint id>"
},
"payload": {}
},
"context": {
"properties": [
{
"namespace": "Alexa.RangeController",
"instance": "Fan.Speed",
"name": "rangeValue",
"value": 7,
"timeOfSample": "2017-02-03T16:20:50.52Z",
"uncertaintyInMilliseconds": 500
}
]
}
}
SetRangeValue directive error handling
If you can't handle a SetRangeValue directive successfully, respond with an Alexa.ErrorResponse event. If your error is safety related, respond with an Alexa.Safety.ErrorResponse.
AdjustRangeValue directive
Support the AdjustRangeValue directive so that users can adjust the level of features on devices.
The following examples show user utterances:
Alexa, turn up the bedroom fan speed.
Alexa, decrease the fan speed on the bedroom fan by 3.
AdjustRangeValue directive payload details
| Field | Description | Type |
|---|---|---|
rangeValueDelta |
The amount by which to change the feature of the device. If the user does not specify the amount, precision is used. |
Number |
rangeValueDeltaDefault |
False if the user specified the amount of the change. | Boolean |
AdjustRangeValue directive example
The following example illustrates an AdjustRangeValue directive that Alexa sends to your skill.
{
"directive": {
"header": {
"namespace": "Alexa.RangeController",
"instance": "Fan.Speed",
"name": "AdjustRangeValue",
"messageId": "<message id>",
"correlationToken": "<an opaque correlation token>",
"payloadVersion": "3"
},
"endpoint": {
"scope": {
"type": "BearerToken",
"token": "<an OAuth2 bearer token>"
},
"endpointId": "<endpoint id>",
"cookie": {}
},
"payload": {
"rangeValueDelta": -3,
"rangeValueDeltaDefault": false
}
}
}
AdjustRangeValue response event
If you handle an AdjustRangeValue directive successfully, respond with an Alexa.Response event. In the context object, include the values of all properties that changed. You can respond synchronously or asynchronously. If you respond asynchronously, include a correlation token and a scope with an authorization token.
AdjustRangeValue response event example
{
"event": {
"header": {
"namespace": "Alexa",
"name": "Response",
"messageId": "<message id>",
"correlationToken": "<an opaque correlation token>",
"payloadVersion": "3"
},
"endpoint": {
"scope": {
"type": "BearerToken",
"token": "<an OAuth2 bearer token>"
},
"endpointId": "<endpoint id>"
},
"payload": {}
},
"context": {
"properties": [
{
"namespace": "Alexa.RangeController",
"instance": "Fan.Speed",
"name": "rangeValue",
"value": 4,
"timeOfSample": "2017-02-03T16:20:50.52Z",
"uncertaintyInMilliseconds": 500
}
]
}
}
AdjustRangeValue directive error handling
If you can't handle an AdjustRangeValue directive successfully, respond with an Alexa.ErrorResponse event. If your error is safety related, respond with an Alexa.Safety.ErrorResponse.
State reporting
Alexa sends a ReportState directive to request information about the state of an endpoint. When Alexa sends a ReportState directive, you send a StateReport event in response. The response contains the current state of all of the retrievable properties in the context object. You identify your retrievable properties in your discovery response. For more information about state reports, see Understand State Reporting.
Support the ReportState directive so that users can ask about the features of their devices.
The following examples show some user utterances:
Alexa, what is the fan speed?
StateReport response event example
{
"event": {
"header": {
"namespace": "Alexa",
"name": "StateReport",
"messageId": "<message id>",
"correlationToken": "<an opaque correlation token>",
"payloadVersion": "3"
},
"endpoint": {
"scope": {
"type": "BearerToken",
"token": "<an OAuth2 bearer token>"
},
"endpointId": "<endpoint id>"
},
"payload": {}
},
"context": {
"properties": [
{
"namespace": "Alexa.RangeController",
"instance": "Fan.Speed",
"name": "rangeValue",
"value": 4,
"timeOfSample": "2017-02-03T16:20:50.52Z",
"uncertaintyInMilliseconds": 500
},
{
"namespace": "Alexa.PowerController",
"name": "powerState",
"value": "ON",
"timeOfSample": "2017-02-03T16:20:50.52Z",
"uncertaintyInMilliseconds": 0
}
]
}
}
Change reporting
You send a ChangeReport event to proactively report changes in the state of an endpoint. You identify the properties that you proactively report in your discovery response. For more information about change reports, see Understand State Reporting.
ChangeReport event example
{
"event": {
"header": {
"namespace": "Alexa",
"name": "ChangeReport",
"messageId": "<message id>",
"payloadVersion": "3"
},
"endpoint": {
"scope": {
"type": "BearerToken",
"token": "<an OAuth2 bearer token>"
},
"endpointId": "<endpoint id>"
},
"payload": {
"change": {
"cause": {
"type": "PHYSICAL_INTERACTION"
},
"properties": [
{
"namespace": "Alexa.RangeController",
"instance": "Fan.Speed",
"name": "rangeValue",
"value": 10,
"timeOfSample": "2017-02-03T16:20:50.52Z",
"uncertaintyInMilliseconds": 500
},
{
"namespace": "Alexa.PowerController",
"name": "powerState",
"value": "ON",
"timeOfSample": "2017-02-03T16:20:50.52Z",
"uncertaintyInMilliseconds": 0
}
]
}
}
},
"context": {}
}
